Age-Related Changes of the Orbit and Midcheek and the Implications for Facial Rejuvenation

Background Aging of the midface is complex and poorly understood. Changes occur not only in the facial soft tissues, but also in the underlying bony structure. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used for investigating characteristics of the bony orbit and the anterior wall of the maxilla in patients of different ages and genders. Methods Facial CT scans were performed for 62 patients ranging in age from 21 to 70 years, who were divided into three age groups: 21–30 years, 41–50 years, and 61–70 years. Patients also were grouped by gender. The lengths of the orbital roof and floor and the angle of the anterior wall of the maxilla were recorded on parasagittal images through the midline of the orbit for each patient. Results The lengths of the orbital roof and floor at their midpoints showed no significant differences between the age groups. When grouped by gender, the lengths were found to be statistically longer for males than for females. The angle between the anterior maxillary wall and the orbital floor was found to have a statistically significant decrease with advancing age among both sexes. Conclusion Bony changes occur in the skeleton of the midcheek with advancing age for both males and females. The anterior maxillary wall retrudes in relation to the bony orbit, which maintains a fixed anteroposterior dimension at its midpoint. These changes should be considered in addressing the aging midface.