精液外泌体在生殖系统中的研究进展

除了运输精子与卵子受精外,精浆(seminal plasma,SP)在生育过程中具有调节母胎免疫耐受、促进精卵结合、调控着床前胚胎发育及表观遗传等重要作用。外泌体(exosomes,Exos)为最新发现的细胞间通讯形式,可通过与靶细胞融合或传递其内载物参与许多生命活动。精液外泌体(seminal exosomes,SE)大量存在于SP中。研究表明,SE可广泛参与男性及女性生殖活动的调控,如精子完整性、精子获能、精子活力及母胎免疫等。因此,本文对SE在生殖系统中的研究做一综述,以期为男性不育、女性不孕的诊疗及辅助生殖技术的完善提供相应的理论依据。

Research progress on the role of semen exosomes in reproductive system

In addition to the transportation of sperm to fertilize with the egg, seminal plasma(SP) plays an important role during the process of reproduction that is inherent and important, like regulating the immune tolerance of maternal interface, promoting the binding of the sperm and the egg, and regulating the pre-implantation embryo development and epigenetic inheritance. Exosomes(Exos) are newly discovered forms of intercellular communication that can participate in many life activities by fusing or delivering their internal cargo to target cells. Seminal Exosomes(SE) are abundantly present in SP. Studies have shown that SE can be widely involved in the regulation of male and female reproductive activities, such as sperm integrity, sperm capacitation, sperm motility and maternal fetal immunity. Therefore, this paper reviews the research of SE in the reproductive system, in order to provide corresponding theoretical basis for the diagnosis of male infertility, female infertility and the improvement of assisted reproductive technology.