吉林省听力障碍及耳疾流行病学调查研究

目的明确吉林省以人群为基础的耳疾与听力障碍的流行病学情况,为吉林省耳疾的防治工作提供科学依据。方法应用《WHO耳疾与听觉障碍调查方案》,通过容量比例概率抽样(PPS)的方法选择40个调查点,实际调查人数为6976人。耳聋残疾的定义和听觉障碍程度的分级采用WHO/PDH97.3推荐的标准,采用EARFORM V6.2(由WHO提供)软件进行资料输入和基本分析。结果911(13.1%)人有听力减退,311(4.5%)人存在听力残疾;城乡人群听力减退率和听力残疾患病率差异无显著性;男性听力减退和听力残疾患病率明显高于女性,差异有显著性;听力减退和听力残疾主要集中在60岁以上人群;患病率较高的耳疾病有耵聍(1.2%),慢性化脓性中耳炎(0.7%),鼓膜干性穿孔(1.4%),分泌性中耳炎(1.0%);19.3%的调查对象需要耳科或听力干预。结论所有听力减退的人群中,老年性耳聋患病率最高。听力残疾的患病率有上升的趋势,急需制定新的预防和治疗听力障碍和耳疾病的政策。

Epidemiologic study on hearing impairment and ear diseases in Jilin province of China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases in Jilin province which is a population- based survey of prevalence and causes of deafness and hearing impairment and other ear diseases. Methods According to WHO EAR AND HEARING DISORDERS SURVEY PROTOCOL, 7531 persons of 40 clusters were selected by a random proportionate sampling. In fact, 6976 persons were visited finally. According to the standard defined by WHO/PDH 97.3, data regarding different degree of hearing impairment were collected and transferred to a computer for statistical analysis by the software EARFORM V6.2 offered by WHO. Results Nine hundred and eleven persons(13.1%) suffered from hearing impairment and 311 persons(4.5%) suffered from hearing disability, and most of them were aged people over 60 years. The prevalence of hearing loss and hearing disability in males was higher than that in females, whereas there was no significant difference in the prevalence between people from rural and urban areas. The commonly occurred ear diseases were earwax(1.2%), chronic suppurative otitis media(0.7%), perforation of ear drum (1.4%) and secretory otitis media(1.0%). One thousand three hundred and forty-four persons(19.3%) required otological or auditory intervention. Conclusion Presbycusis had the highest incidence rate of all deafness-inducing diseases. There was a rising trend in hearing disability incidence. The prevention and treatment of deafness need to be implemented as soon as possible.