面神经颞支的应用解剖

目的确定面神经颞支的数量、走行和分布情况,为涉及面侧区和颞区的美容外科手术提供解剖学资料。方法解剖33具(66侧)成人尸体标本,探明颞支支数及走行;测量面神经颞支各分支越过颧弓下缘、外眦角等部位的距离。结果面神经颞支有4个分支,分别称为颞支Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ。除颞支Ⅳ经腮腺前缘浅出外,其余均经上缘浅出。浅出后它们立即到达颧弓浅面,其中颞支Ⅰ主要发支到达额肌深面;颞支Ⅱ主要到达额肌与眼轮匝肌交界部深面。颞支Ⅲ、Ⅳ主要发支到达眼轮匝肌深面。测量得到面神经颞支各分支越过颧弓下缘处距外眦角的距离男性分别为3.8cm、3.5cm、2.9cm、和2.8cm;女性分别为3.6cm、3.3cm、2.7cm、2.6cm。面神经颞支各分支发出部位距颧弓下缘的距离男性分别为3.0cm、3.8cm、4.0cm、4.2cm;女性分别为2.7cm、3.3cm、3.3cm、3.7cm。结论面神经颞支根据性别具有基本确定的走行及分布,为相关的美容外科手术提供了解剖学依据。

Applied anatomy of the temporal branch of the facial nerve

Objective To determine the number of the temporal branches of the facial nerve and its distributions;to provide anatomical basis for cosmetic surgery in the area of facial nerve and temporal region.Methods The number of the temporal branches of the facial nerve and its distribution were observed on 33(66 sides) adult cadavers;The distances between the branches of the temporal branches across the lower part of the zygomatic arch to the lateral angle of eye were measetred.Results The temporal branches of the facial nerve has four branches named temporal branches Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ & Ⅳ.Ⅳcomes out superficially from the front order of the parotid gland and the rest from the upper border.Affer that,they reach the shallow layer of the zygomatic arch,I distributeal to the deep layer of the occipitofrontalis frontal belly;Ⅱ to the junction of the deep layer between the occipitofrontalis frontal belly and the orbicularis oculi and Ⅲ & Ⅳ to the deep layer of orbicularis oculi.The distances between the temporal branches of the face nerve across the lower part of the zygomatic arch to the lateral angle of eye are 3.8 cm,3.3 cm,3.7 cm & 2.8 cm in male,and 3.6 cm,3.3 cm,2.7 cm,& 2.6 cm for female.The distances between the starting points of temporal branches to the lower part of the zygomatic arch are 3.0 cm,3.8 cm,4.0 cm & 4.2 cm in male and 2.7 cm,3.3 cm,3.3 cm & 3.7 cm for female.Conclusion The knowledge that temporal branch of the facial nerve has different trip and distributions according to the sex can provide anatomical basis for the cosmetic surgery.