糖尿病患者肺功能损害的特征及机制研究进展

糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)在中国具有很高的发病率,因肺脏具有广泛的微血管循环和丰富的结缔组织,导致其更易受到慢性高血糖的病理影响,从而可能成为DM的"靶器官".近年来的研究表明,DM患者存在肺功能的改变,主要表现为限制性通气功能障碍和弥散功能障碍.DM患者具有更低的用力肺活量(forced vi...

Research progress on the characteristics and mechanism of impaired pulmonary function in patients with diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high incidence in China. Lung parenchyma has rich microvascular circulation and abundant collagen and elastin fibers that could be affected by chronic hyperglycemia and make lungs the "target organ" of diabetes. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown lung function changes in patients with diabetes, mainly including restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and diffusion dysfunction. Patients with DM has lower forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), total lung volume (TLC), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). And the degree of lung function damage is related to the level of blood glucose and the severity of diabetes. At present, the main mechanisms considered for pulmonary function damage include insulin resistance (IR), low-grade chronic inflammation, microvasculopathy of alveolar capillaries and pulmonary arterioles, autonomic neuropathy involving respiratory muscles and loss of elastic retraction caused by collagen glycosylation in the lung parenchyma. Thus, this article mainly reviews the clinical characteristics of pulmonary function, the pathological changes of lung tissue and the mechanisms of pulmonary function damage in patients with diabetes.