杜鹃嫩枝叶挥发油化学成分研究

目的分析比较映山红(Rhododendron simsii Planch.)和南昆杜鹃(Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr.)嫩枝叶挥发油的化学成分。方法采用药典方法提取挥发油，利用毛细管气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和化学计量学及标准物对照的方法对各个色谱峰定性，并用色谱峰面积归一法获得各化合物的相对含量。结果共鉴定了124种化合物，其中共有化合物48种。从映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油中分别鉴定出94和78种化合物，分别占总挥发油的84.47%和90.25%。其中72.76%和88.07%为含氧化合物,主要为萜醇、酸和酯类物质。1-辛烯-3-醇(4.00%，7.90%)，3,7-二甲基-1,6-二烯-3-辛醇(12.60%，3.48%)，薄荷醇(2.15%，3.29%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸(1.15%，45.34%)，植醇(15.21%，8.56%)，9,12,15-三烯十八烷酸乙基酯 (9.16%,8.01%)为映山红和南昆杜鹃挥发油所共有的主要化学成分，分别占总挥发油的44.27%和76.58%。映山红中还含有棕榈酸(7.73%)，9,12–二烯十八烷酸(1.85%)，十四烷酸甲基酯(1.38%)等主要化学成分。结论利用GC-MS分析法结合化学计量学分辨方法和标准物质鉴定挥发油化学成分，比单独使用GC-MS法结果更加准确、可靠。

Chemical components in essential oils from tender branches and leaves of Rhododendron

Aim To analyze and compare the compositions in essential oils from branches and leaves of Rhododendron simsii Planch. and Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr. Methods Essential oils were extracted by water distillation according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as chemometrics resolution method and authentic compounds. The relative contents of each component in the essential oils were obtained by normalization of peak areas. Results A total of 124 components were identified, of which 48 compounds were existed in both of the samples. Ninety four compounds accounted for 84.47% of the essential oil from Rhododendron simsii Planch. and seventy eight components accounted for 90.25% of the total essential oil from Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr. were identified. 72.76% and 88.07% of the components in Rhododendron simsii Planch and Rhododendron naamkwanense Merr., respectively, included oxygen element. They are mainly terpenol, acids and esters. 1-octen-3-ol (4.00%, 7.90%), 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- (12.60%, 3.48%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid,Z,Z,Z]- (1.15%, 45.34%), phytol (15.21%, 8.56%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (2.15%, 3.29%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester,Z,Z,Z]- (9.16%, 8.01%) were their common main compounds, which accounted for 44.27% and 76.58% of the total amount of the two essential oil samples, respectively. In addition, n-hexadecanoic acid (7.73%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (1.85%) and tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (1.38%) were also the main compounds in essential oil from Rhododendron simsii Planch. Conclusion Much higher reliability and accuracy were obtained with the help of chemometrics resolution method and authentic n-alkane standard solutions than those of using GC-MS alone.