原发性开角型青光眼房水外流通路改变的研究进展

原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)是一种以视神经轴索及相关视网膜神经节细胞丢失为特征的视神经病变.眼压升高是POAG最重要的危险因素.大多数POAG患者眼压升高主要是房水外流阻力异常增高所致.小梁网是产生房水排出阻力的主要部位.目前多数研究者认为POAG患者小梁网功能不良与致炎因子表达、细胞老化、氧化应激损伤及细胞质成分减少等因素有关.小梁网细胞本身及细胞外基质的变化均可以引起房水外流阻力的改变,进而导致眼内压的升高.为了进一步开展对POAG发病机制的研究,有必要就目前有关POAG患者房水外流通路改变的研究进展予以综述,旨在为POAG的深入研究提供参考依据.

The progress of aqueous humor outflow pathway in open-angle glaucoma

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is defined as an optic neuropathy characterized by loss of optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells.Increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for POAG,which is partially due to an abnormally high aqueous humor outflow resistance in trabecular meshwork ( TM ).Trabecular outflow pathway is a key element in drainage of aqueous humor.Malfunction of TM in POAG is associated with over expression of inflammatory markers,cellular senescence,oxidative stress,and decrease of cellularity.The biological changes of TM cell and extracellular matrix compromise trabecular pathway drainage resulting in an increased IOP.This article reviewed the progression in research on aqueous humor outflow pathway emphasizing the alteration of trabecular pathway.