学龄前儿童视觉发育状况调查研究

目的 了解学龄前儿童视觉发育状况及斜弱视患病率.方法 对4610名城乡3～6岁学龄前儿童进行随机抽样调查,项目包括视力、屈光状态、眼位、斜视弱视等.用x2检验城乡及不同年龄视力分布差异.结果 3岁、4岁、5岁和6岁组儿童视力1.0以上检出率分别为28.4％、39.3％、46.2％、76.5％,各年龄组视力主要分布3岁(0.63±0.19)、4岁(0 69±0.16)、5岁(0.71±0.22)、6岁(0.79±0.29),乡镇较城市儿童视力好.屈光状态以远视为主;显性斜视检出率为2.21％,外斜视多见于内斜视;隐性斜视检出率为33.52％,主要是外隐斜;弱视患病率以现行诊断标准为6岁组2.93％,5岁组4.81％,4岁组16.21％,3岁组33.33％.结论 学龄前儿童视力随年龄增长而上升;国内弱视诊断中视力标准偏高,应尽快制定各年龄组弱视诊断视力标准.屈光不正、斜视和弱视是影响学龄前儿童正常视功能的主要因素,依然是儿童时期防盲治盲的重点.

A study on visual development among preschool children

Objective To evaluate the visual development and prevalence of amblyopia,strabismus among preschool children.Methods A random sample survey was performed in 4 610 preschool children from both urban and rural,aged 3 to 6 years. Participants underwent eye examination including visual acuity,refractive status,eye position,strabismus and amblyopia. Results Percentage of visual acuity above 1.0 was 28.4％,39.3％,46.2％ and 76.5％ in children of 3,4,5 and 6-year-old group,respectively.The mean visual acuity of each group was 0.63 ±0.19 in 3-years old,0.69 ±0.16 in 4-yearold,0.71 ±0.22 in 5-year-old,0.79 ± 0.29 in 6-year-old. Rural children have better vision acuity compared with those from uthan.Hypermetropic was frequent eftactive errors.Manifeststrabismus was found in 2.21％,with exotropia being more prevalence than esotropia; detection rate of recessive strabismus was 33.52％,mainly being exophoria; Based on current diagnostic criteria,the prevalence of amblyopia were 2.93％ in 6 year-old group,4.81％ in 5-year-old group,16.21％ in 4-year-old group,33.33％ in 3-yearold group.Conclusion Vision acutiy is increasing with age in preschool population.A diagnosis standard of amblyopia suitable for each age group should be established to substitute the current one which has a high visual standard for amblyopia.Refractive error,strabismus and amblyopia are the leading causes of visual impairment among preschool-aged children,which represent the focus of prevention of blindness in preschool children.