心脏外科术后心包积液的危险因素与治疗

目的 探讨心脏外科手术后心包积液的危险因素和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析22 462例患者临床资料,定义心包积液诊断标准.观察心包积液患者与无积液患者的临床表现,对症治疗,分析危险因素.结果 509例(2.3％)患者有心包积液262例有临床特殊症状,其中51例有心包压塞的临床表现.有、无心包积液的患者年龄、性别、冠心病史等因素差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；而大体重、瓣膜病、主动脉阻断和体外循环时间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 心包积液的危险因素有大体重,术前心功能Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,瓣膜病,先天性心脏病,大血管疾病,体外循环和主动脉阻断时间延长.超声引导下的心包积液穿刺引流是安全有效的.

The management and risk factors of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery

Objective We aimed to recent experience at our hospital in the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery and to identify risk factors for its development.Methods We searched our hospital for patient who had cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2002 through December 2010.For patient with pericardial effusion,medical records were reviewed to evaluate its manifestations and management.To identify risk factors for effusion,patients with effusions were compared with patients without effusions.All patients had routine postoperative echocardiographic examination.Results Of 22462 patients identified,509 (2.3％) had pericardial effusion.Compared with patients without pericardial effusion,ages,sex,cardiac function and so on were no significant( P ＞ 0.05 ).Body,valve cardiac diseases,and cardiopulmonary bypass time and so on were significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Among 509 patients with pericardial effusion,262 patients (51.4％) of whom had specific symptoms.Clinical features of tamponade were documented in 51 patients( 10.1％ ).Pericardial effusions were evacuated by echocardilgraphy-guided pericardiocentesis ( n =27,10.3％ ) or surgical drainage ( n =15,5.7％ ).Pericardial effusion resolved after left thoracocentesis for pleural effusion in 5 patients ( 1.9％ ) ; The Other patients with pericardial effusion were treated conservatively.Indeperdent risk factors for pericardial effusion were large body,valve cardiac operations,and prolonged cardiopulmonsry bypass.Conclusion In our study,pericardial effusion occurred in 2.3％ of patients,and symptoms were nonspecific.Several factors,mainly related to preoperative characteristics and type of operation,predispose patients to effusion,echocardiography-guided pericardiocentesis is effective and safe in these patients with pericardial effusion.