湖南省2006年钩端螺旋体宿主动物感染状况调查研究

目的掌握湖南省钩端螺旋体宿主动物主要种类、密度，以及感染率和感染类型等情况，为防治钩体病提供科学依据。方法按照2006年《湖南钩端螺旋体病监测实施方案》，在7个监测点开展钩体的宿主动物带菌率与带菌种群调查。以夹夜法在室外捕获鼠类，采用无菌操作采集鼠肾，Korthof方法进行培养；应用分群血清与新分离的钩端螺旋体作凝集试验确定菌群，应用交叉凝集素吸收试验或分型因子血来确定菌型。结果共采集677份标本，其中有效培养622份，培养钩体11株，阳性率为1．77％。其中浏阳市7株，阳性率7．14％；邵东县2株，阳性率3．12％；沅江市2株，阳性率2．33％；黑线姬鼠中培养出钩体6株，感染率为3．11％；从褐家鼠培养3株，感染率为2．73％；从东方田鼠培养出1株，感染率为2．13％，从小家鼠培养出1株，感染率为0．53％。其中浏阳市流感伤寒群7株，邵东县黄疸出血群2株，沅江市拜伦群1株，赛罗群1株。结论湖南省宿主动物密度和带菌率差异较大，主要为姬鼠型钩体病疫区，带菌种群以流感伤寒群和黄疸出血群为主，防制工作应以灭鼠和人群免疫相结合为主的综合防制措施。

Study on Leptospira Infection of Rats in Hunan Province in 2006

Objectives To study the main types and density of the host animals infected with leptospira, the serotype and prevalence in Hunan Province, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of leptospirosis. Methods According to the Implement Scheme of Leptospira Surveillance in Hunan Province in 2006, the survey on type and prevalence of leptospira infection among rats was carried out in 7 surveillance sites. Outdoor rat clamps were used to capture the rats. The rats＇ kidneys were gathered by asepsis operation, and leptospira was cultivated in Korthof medium. Serum and newly isolated leptospira were performed agglutination experiment for the serogroup identification; and overlapping agglutinin absorption experiment or separated serum was used to identify the serotype. Results Altogether 622 specimens were effectively cultivated among the 677 collected specimens, and 11 leptospira strains were isolated, with the positive rate of 1.77%. Seven strains were collected from Liuyang Prefecture, and the positive rate was 7.14% ; 2 strains from Shaodong County, with the positive rate of 3.12%; and 2 strains from Yuanjiang Prefecture, with the positive rate of 2.33%. The carrying rate was 3.11% （6/11） in Apodemus agrarius, 2.73% （3/11） in Rattus norvegicus, 2.13% （1/11） in Microtus fortis, and 0.53% （1/ 11） in Mus musculus, respectively. Among the 11 leptospiras isolates, 7 strains Grip were isolated from Liuyang Prefecture, 2 strains Ictero hemorrhagiae （Icte） from Shaodong County, 1 strain Ball and 1 strain Sejr both from Yuanjiang Prefecture. Conclusions The density of host animals and the infection rate vary significantly in Hunan Province. Apodemus agrarius is the principal infection source of leptospirosis. Grip and Icte are the predominant serogroup. It is necessary to take comprehensive measures for prevention and control of leptospirosis by deratization and vaccine inoculation in high risk population.