超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌致医院内感染危险因素的病例对照研究

目的　探讨医院内产生超广谱 β 内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)细菌感染的危险因素。 方法　收集浙江省 1 999年 5月至 2 0 0 0年 5月 6所医院收治的 1 85例ESBLs阳性细菌医院内感染病例 ,男 1 0 8例 ,女 77例 ;平均年龄 (55± 1 7)岁 ;1 85例中呼吸道感染 59例 ,泌尿道感染 71例 ,血液感染 1 0例 ,创口感染 30例 ,其他部位感染 1 5例。同时选取 77例ESBLs阴性细菌医院内感染者为对照 ,男 54例 ,女 2 3例 ,平均年龄 (54± 2 0 )岁。其中呼吸道感染 38例 ,泌尿道感染 2 0例 ,血液感染 6例 ,创口感染 8例 ,其他部位感染 5例。对两组病人的危险因素进行病例对照研究 ,采用非条件logistic回归分析和主成分分析进行研究。结果　多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果表明 ,三代头孢菌素应用 3d以上 (OR =4 52 ,95 %CI为 2 30～ 8 89)、联合应用抗生素 (OR =2 86 ,95 %CI为 1 51～ 5 43)、喹诺酮类抗生素使用 3d以上 (OR =2 44,95 %CI为 1 1 8～ 5 0 4 )、应用肾上腺皮质激素 (OR =2 1 6 ,95 %CI为 1 0 8～4 31 )及给氧 (OR =2 56 ,95 %CI为 1 1 4～ 5 72 )是产生ESBLs的细菌医院内感染的独立危险因素 ;从1 4个产生ESBLs的细菌医院内感染危险因素中提取了 5个主成分进行分析 ,其方差累积贡献率达60 2 %。 5个主成分

A case-control study on risk factors for nosocomial infection by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing bacteria

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing bacteria in hospitals of Zhejiang province. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-five cases with nosocomial infection (108 men and 77 women, with an average age of 55 +/- 17 years) caused by positive-ESBLs bacteria, including 59 cases of respiratory infection, 71 with urinary infection, ten with blood infection, 30 with wound infection and 59 with other infection, and 77 controls with nosocomial infection (54 men and 23 women, with an average age of 54 +/- 20 years) caused by negative-ESBLs bacteria, including 38 cases of respiratory infection, 20 with urinary infection, six with blood infection, eight with wound infection and five with other infection, from six hospitals in Zhejiang Province were studied during May 1999 to May 2000. Data were analyzed with unconditional logistic regression and principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for nosocomial infection were use of the third generation cephalosporins for more than three days (odds ratio, OR 4.52, 95% confidence interval of OR 2.30 - 8.89), combined use of antibiotics (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.51 - 5.43), use of quinolones for more than three days (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.18 - 5.04), use of adrenal cortical hormone (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.08 - 4.31) and oxygen inhalation (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.14 - 5.72). Five principal components were extracted from the 14 risk factors for nosocomial infection with ESBLs-producing bacteria by principal component analysis, with a contribution of cumulative variance of 60.2%, and arranged in an order as follows, use of ventilator, tracheal intubation or tracheotomy, oxygen inhalation, retaining needle in vein, indwelling urethral catheter, use of the third generation cephalosporins over three days, hospitalization over ten days, use of quinolones over three days, combined use of antibiotics, use of aminoglycosides antibiotic over a week, use of adrenal cortical hormone, catheterized examination and prophylactic use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial infection with ESBLs-producing bacteria could attribute to multiple factors, mainly to invasive manipulation and use of antibiotics.