实习前职业防护教育预防中国护生针刺伤的Meta分析

目的系统评价在中国护生中开展实习前职业防护教育预防针刺伤的效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、CNKI、WanFangData和VIP，收集开展职业防护教育和不开展职业防护教育比较预防针刺伤的对照试验，检索时限均为2002．10—2012．10，由两名评价者按照纳入与排除标准选择试验、提取资料和评价质量后，采用RevMan5．0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10个研究。2197名护生。10个研究结果表明，实施职业防护教育可降低33％的针刺伤发生率；3个研究结果表明，实施职业防护教育可提高52％的防护知识知晓率；4个研究结果表明，实施职业防护教育可提高61％的伤后正确处理率。结论实习前开展职业防护教育能有效预防实习护生针刺伤。但由于本研究的局限性，希望开展更多高质量的试验，为其预防效果的有效性提供进一步的佐证．并为预防措施的制定提供针对性的意见。

Protection Education towards Needle Stick Injuries among Nursing Students in China:A Meta-Analysis

Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of occupational protection education towards needle stick injuries among nursing students in China. Methods A computerized literature searching was carried out from Oc- tober 2002 to October 2012 in following databases： PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP, so as to collect all controlled studies about the effects of preventing needle stick injuries between students who had occupational protection education and those who had not. Two reviewers independently screened the studies according to the inclusive and exclusive crite- ria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality. Then RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 10 studies involving 2 197 nursing students were included. Ten studies indicated that protection education could reduce the incidence of needle stick injuries by 33%; 3 studies indicated that protection education could increase the awareness rate of protective knowledge by 52%; and 4 studies indicated that protection education could increase the correct treat- ment rate after injuries by 61%. Conclusion Occupational protection education before internship is effective to prevent needle stick injuries among nursing students. However, because of the limitation of this study, more high quality studies are needed to further confirm its effectiveness and to provide targeted advices for formulating preventive measures.