Higher Expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-9 in Periapical Granulomas than in Radicular Cysts and an Increased Toll-like Receptor-2 and Toll-like Receptor-4 Expression Are Associated with Reactivation of Periapical Inflammation |
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Authors: | Rita de Cássia Medeiros de Oliveira Marcela Beghini Cláudia Renata Bibiano Borges Polyanna Miranda Alves Marcelo Sivieri de Araújo Sanívia Aparecida de Lima Pereira Virmondes Rodrigues Jr Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues |
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Institution: | ∗ Laboratory of Biopathology and Molecular Biology, University of Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil;† Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM/CEFORES), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
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Abstract: | IntroductionCysts and periapical granulomas are inflammatory reactions that develop in response to periapical infection by microbial species in dental root canal. It is known that toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition molecules and that galectins are lectins that can be associated with the inflammatory process, stimulating or inhibiting the immune system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in situ expression of TLRs and galectins in radicular cysts and periapical granulomas.MethodsWe analyzed 62 cases (30 radicular cysts, 27 periapical granulomas, and 5 control cases). Indirect immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of TLRs (TRL-2 and TLR-4) and galectins (Gal-3 and Gal-9).ResultsThe expression of Gal-3 and Gal-9 was significantly higher in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts than in the control group. Similarly, both Gal-3 and Gal-9 were expressed significantly more in periapical granulomas than in radicular cysts. The expression of TLR-2 was significantly higher in periapical granulomas and radicular cysts than in the control group, and it was also significantly higher in radicular cysts with sinus tract than in the cases without sinus tract. Furthermore, the expression of TLR-4 was significantly higher in the cases of periapical granulomas with sinus tract than in the cases without sinus tract.ConclusionsGal-3/Gal-9 and TLR-2/TLR-4 expression in the periapical granulomas and radicular cysts is associated with reactive periapical inflammation. Pathobiology of periapical disease is a very complex interplay of many bioactive molecules involved in immunoinflammatory responses. Up-regulation of these bioactive molecules might be an important modulator of inflammatory periapical lesions. |
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Keywords: | Galectins radicular cysts and periapical granulomas TLR |
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