Pathophysiology of urinary incontinence |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Zentrum für Kardiologie, Kardiologie 1, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;2. Stiftung Institut für Herzinfarktforschung, Ludwigshafen, Germany;3. 3rd Department of Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany;4. Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany;5. 2nd Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;6. Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology, Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany;7. Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany;8. CCB, Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Frankfurt am Main, Germany;9. Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum Neuperlach, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Munich, Germany;10. Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Und Kreislaufforschung, Standort Rhein-Mainz, Germany;11. Klinikum Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier, Germany;1. Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) (DB), Bangalore, India;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa (KR), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;3. Old Age Psychiatry Section, World Psychiatric Association (WPA) (CAdML), Switzerland;4. NOVA University, Waltham Forest Community & Family Health Services (GI), London, UK |
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| Abstract: | Urinary incontinence, or the complaint of involuntary loss of urine, is a debilitating condition of the lower urinary tract with a potentially significant impact on a patient’s physical and mental wellbeing and on their functioning and place in society. Due to the high prevalence of this disorder, the economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide is enormous. Urinary incontinence has a high prevalence in women, but men can be affected as well after a radical prostatectomy or when suffering from chronic urinary retention. Stress, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence are the most common types of urinary incontinence, but other types exist as well. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind these different types of urinary incontinence have been studied extensively. New insights allow for the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and ultimately in the reduction of the potentially devastating impact of urinary incontinence on an individual patients’ quality of life. In this review, we explore the current theories on the mechanisms behind urinary incontinence. |
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| Keywords: | Intrinsic sphincter deficiency lower urinary tract mixed urinary incontinence overactive bladder syndrome pathophysiology stress urinary incontinence urethral hypermobility urgency urinary incontinence urinary incontinence |
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