Antibodies to measles,mumps, and rubella virus in Thai children after two-dose vaccination at 9 months and 2.5 years: A longitudinal study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand;1. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;2. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia;3. Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, NSW, Australia;4. University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;1. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;2. Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;3. Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;4. Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children''s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;5. Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, PO Box 208034, New Haven, CT 06520, United States;6. University of Sydney Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, 88 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;7. School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States;8. Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, 55 King William St, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;9. Women’s and Children’s Health Network, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia;10. Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;11. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;12. Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia;13. Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;14. University of Sydney School of Public Health, A27 Fisher Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;15. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;1. Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;2. Pietro Barilla Children''s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;1. Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Joint PhD program in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;5. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;6. Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Belgium;7. Centre for Health Economics Research & Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;8. Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, France;1. Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Division of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Pediatric Liver Disease and Immunology STAR (Special Task Force for Activating Research), Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;5. Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;6. The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionThailand changed the schedule of childhood measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccination in 2014, moving the second dose from the age of 6 years to 2.5 years. There are currently no data on antibody responses to the MMR vaccine since this recommendation.Material and methodsWe investigated antibody responses in a cohort of children who received two doses of MMR vaccine at the ages of 9 months and 2.5 years that was originally established to evaluate antibody levels to Bordetella pertussis antigens (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02408926). Infants were born to mothers who previously received tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccine at 27–36 weeks of gestation. Anti-measles, -mumps, and -rubella virus IgG levels were measured at birth (cord blood) and the ages of 2 and 7 months (before the first MMR vaccination); 18 and 24 months (9 and 15 months, respectively, after the first dose); and 36 months (6 months after the second dose) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.ResultsAt 7 months of age, 96.2%, 99.6%, and 98.8% of infants had no protection against measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively. Levels of antibody against all three antigens increased significantly after the first but not the second dose. At 6 months after two-dose vaccination, 97.4%, 84.8%, and 78.7% of children remained seroprotected against measles, mumps, and rubella, respectively.ConclusionsMaternally derived antibodies to measles, mumps, and rubella virus disappeared by the age of 7 months in Thai children. Two-dose MMR vaccination at 9 months and 2.5 years of age induced robust immune responses against these viruses. |
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| Keywords: | Seroprotection Two-dose vaccine Childhood vaccination Measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) |
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