Lower immunity to poliomyelitis viruses in Australian young adults not eligible for inactivated polio vaccine |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia;2. University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;3. Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia;1. Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;2. Federal University of Bahia, School of Medicine, Salvador, Brazil;1. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;2. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;3. Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;1. Immunisation Programme Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. National Immunisation Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China;3. Immunisation Programme Department, Hangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;4. Immunisation Programme Department, Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China;5. Immunisation Programme Department, Chun''an County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;6. Immunisation Programme Department, Longyou County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands;2. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden;1. 203B Baldwin Hall, Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States;2. George D. Busbee Chair in Public Policy, 201C Baldwin Hall, Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States;1. Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria;2. National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria;3. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;4. Department of Pediatrics, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital & Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria;5. World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria;6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States;7. Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA |
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| Abstract: | There are limited long-term data on seroprevalence of neutralising antibody (nAb) to the three poliovirus serotypes following the switch from oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). In Australia, combination vaccines containing IPV replaced OPV in late 2005. Using serum and plasma specimens collected during 2012 and 2013, we compared prevalence of nAb to poliovirus type 1 (PV1), type 2 (PV2) and type 3 (PV3) in birth cohorts with differing IPV and OPV eligibility from an Australian population-based sample. In the total sample of 1673 persons aged 12 months to 99 years, 85% had nAb against PV1, 83% PV2 and 67% PV3. In the cohort 12 to <18 years (eligible for 4 OPV doses, last dose 8–14 years prior), a significantly lower proportion had nAb than in the 7 to <12 year cohort (eligible for 3 OPV doses and an IPV booster, last dose 3–8 years prior) for all poliovirus types: [PV1: 87.1% vs. 95.9% (P = 0.01), PV2: 80.4% vs. 92.9% (P = 0.003) and PV3: 38.1% vs. 84.0% (P < 0.0001)]. These data suggest individual-level immunity may be better maintained when an OPV primary schedule is boosted by IPV, and support inclusion of an IPV booster in travel recommendations for young adults who previously received only OPV. |
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| Keywords: | Poliomyelitis Polio Inactivated polio vaccine Serosurveillance Serosurvey Immunity Australia |
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