The effect of maternal antibodies on the cellular immune response after infant vaccination: A review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Belgium;3. Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand;1. National Vaccine Program Office, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, United States;2. Acumen LLC, Burlingame, CA, United States;3. Center for Medicare, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Baltimore, MD, United States;1. Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George''s, University of London and St George''s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK;2. Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK;3. Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK;4. Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK;5. Medical Research Council Unit, Serrekunda, The Gambia;6. Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa;7. Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa;8. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;9. Vaccine Evaluation Centre, BC Children''s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;10. Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA;1. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA;3. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;4. HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA;5. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA;1. Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi;2. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK;3. Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;4. Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. National Institute for Communicable Diseases: a division of National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa;6. Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK;7. GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, MA, USA;8. Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostic, Siena, Italy;1. University of Washington Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seattle, WA, USA;2. University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children''s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Japan;2. International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Density, Osaka University, Japan;4. Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Japan;5. Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, Japan |
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| Abstract: | During the last few decades, maternal immunization as a strategy to protect young infants from infectious diseases has been increasingly recommended, yet some issues have emerged. Studies have shown that for several vaccines, such as live attenuated, toxoid and conjugated vaccines, high maternal antibody titers inhibit the infant’s humoral immune response after infant vaccination. However, it is not clear whether this decreased antibody titer has any clinical impact on the infant’s protection, as the cellular immune responses are often equally important in providing disease protection and may therefore compensate for diminished antibody levels. Reports describing the effect of maternal antibodies on the cellular immune response after infant vaccination are scarce, probably because such studies are expensive, labor intensive and utilize poorly standardized laboratory techniques. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on what is currently known about the cellular immune responses after infant vaccination in the presence of high (maternal) antibody titers both in animal and human studies. Overall, the findings suggest that maternally derived antibodies do not interfere with the cellular immune responses after infant vaccination. However, more research in humans is clearly needed, as most data originate from animal studies. |
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| Keywords: | Maternal antibodies Maternal immunization Blunting Cellular immune response Humoral immune response |
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