End of season influenza vaccine effectiveness in primary care in adults and children in the United Kingdom in 2018/19 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom;2. Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom;3. Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom;4. West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom;5. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom;6. Public Health Agency Northern Ireland, Belfast, United Kingdom;7. University of Surrey Guildford, United Kingdom;8. Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom;9. Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom;10. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;1. Aix Marseille Université, département universitaire de Médecine Générale, Marseille, France;2. IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France;3. Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France;4. ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d''Azur, Marseille, France;1. Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital and Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;1. Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain;2. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain;3. Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra – IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain;4. Centro Nacional de Microbiología (WHO National Influenza Centre – Madrid), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain;1. MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA;2. Kentucky Pediatrics and Adult Research Inc., Bardstown, KY, USA;1. School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 212 Adriance Drive, College Station, TX 77843, United States;2. School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;3. Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health Western Australia, 227 Stubbs Terrace, Shenton Park, WA 6008, Australia;4. Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6008, Australia;5. Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;6. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;7. Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;8. PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Locked Bag 2009, Nedlands, WA 6909, Australia;9. SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;10. WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;11. Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, 650 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States |
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| Abstract: | 2018/19 was the first season of introduction of a newly licensed adjuvanted influenza vaccine (aTIV) for adults aged 65 years and over and the sixth season in the roll-out of a childhood influenza vaccination programme with a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). The season saw mainly A(H1N1)pdm09 and latterly A(H3N2) circulation.End-of-season adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) estimates against laboratory confirmed influenza infection in primary care were calculated using the test negative case control method adjusting for key confounders. End-of-season aVE was 44.3% (95% CI: 26.8, 57.7) against all laboratory-confirmed influenza; 45.7% (95% CI: 26.0, 60.1) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and 35.1% (95% CI: −3.7,59.3) against A(H3N2). Overall aVE was 49.9% (95%CI: −13.7, 77.9) for all those ≥ 65 years of age and 62.0% (95% CI: 3.4, 85.0) for those who received aTIV. Overall aVE for 2–17 year olds receiving LAIV was 48.6% (95% CI: −4.4, 74.7). The paper provides evidence of overall significant influenza VE in 2018/19, most notably against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, however, as seen in 2017/18, there was reduced, non-significant VE against A(H3N2). aTIV provided significant protection for those 65 years of age and over. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Primary care |
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