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Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic encephalopathy: An update |
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| Authors: | Xiao-Dong Zhang Long-Jiang Zhang Sheng-Yong Wu Guang-Ming Lu |
| Affiliation: | Xiao-Dong Zhang, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, ChinaXiao-Dong Zhang, Long-Jiang Zhang, Guang-Ming Lu, Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, ChinaSheng-Yong Wu, Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300192, China |
| Abstract: | Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of cirrhosis or acute liver failure. Currently, HE is regarded as a continuous cognitive impairment ranging from the mildest stage, minimal HE to overt HE. Hyperammonaemia and neuroinflammation are two main underlying factors which contribute to the neurological alterations in HE. Both structural and functional impairments are found in the white mater and grey mater involved in HE. Although the investigations into HE pathophysiological mechanism are enormous, the exact pathophysiological causes underlying HE remain controversial. Multimodality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in helping to understand the pathological process of HE. This paper reviews the up-to-date multimodality MRI methods and predominant findings in HE patients with a highlight of the increasingly important role of blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI. |
| Keywords: | Hepatic encephalopathy Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Diffusion weighted imaging Default-mode network Blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging |
| 点击此处可从《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》浏览原始摘要信息 | |