甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因及预防

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中预防喉返神经损伤的方法.方法 回顾性分析223例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,其中行喉返神经区域保护法69侧,常规解剖喉返神经法191侧.结果 喉返神经区域保护法损伤2例,其中暂时性损伤1例,考虑术中钳夹；永久性损伤1例,考虑术中结扎.常规解剖喉返神经法损伤1例,为暂时性损伤,考虑术后神经水肿,术后2个月恢复.喉返神经损伤率为1.35％.结论 甲状腺良性病变、病变位于非背侧,腺叶部分切除术,可行喉返神经区域保护法预防喉返神经损伤.甲状腺背侧病变、腺叶次全切除术、腺叶切除术、二次手术以及对侧喉返神经损伤患者,应常规解剖喉返神经预防损伤.依据不同病变及不同术式采取不同方法预防喉返神经损伤可明显减少喉返神经的损伤.

Clinical study on the prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery

Objective To explore the measures to prevent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)injury during thyroid surgery.Methods The clinical data of 223 patients undergone thyroid surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 223 surgeries,69 sides were undergone regional protection act of RLN and 191 sides were performed RLN exposure.Results There were 2 cases of RLN injury from the regional protection operation of RLN,including 1 case of temporary nerve injury which could be resulted from surgery clamp and 1 case of permanent nerve injury which might be caused by mistaking ligation during surgery.There was only 1 case of temporary nerve injury in RLN exposure procedure which was probably caused by the postoperative nerve edema and was recovered 2 months after the operation.The total RLN injury rate was 1.35％.Conclusion For benign thyroid lesions and non-dorsal lesions or during partial excision of the gland,the regional protection of RLN is helpful to prevent RLN injury.In cases with dorsal lesions of thyroid or contralateral RLN injury,or during lobe subtotal resection,lobe resection and reoperation,exposing RLN to prevent injury is necessary.Taking different approaches based on the profiles of lesions and surgical procedures to prevent RLN injury can significantly reduce the risk of RLN injury.