中国部分地区社区美沙酮维持治疗效果定性研究

目的 了解社区美沙酮维持治疗对门诊患者产生的影响。方法 对浙江省温州市、四川省西昌市、贵州省织金县正在接受社区美沙酮维持治疗的30名门诊患者、15名患者家属、7名门诊医生进行个人深入访谈，每人约1～1．5小时。结果 患者海洛因使用明显减少，但仍存在偷吸现象；艾滋病病毒（HIV）传播有关的高危行为减少；与毒品有关的违法犯罪大幅度减少；患者在身体健康状况、自尊、情绪、压力、家庭关系、生活规律正常化、工作状况、娱乐生活等方面，也得到了不同程度的改善。结论 社区美沙酮维持治疗不仅使海洛因使用、相关犯罪及HIV高危行为有所减少，而且对改善患者生理、心理健康状况，恢复社会功能也起到了积极的作用。建议迅速扩大治疗覆盖面，吸引更多的吸毒人员参与到治疗中来。

Qualitative study on the effectiveness of community-based methadone maintenance treatment among heroin addicts in some regions of China

Objective To assess the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)among heroin addicts visiting methadone clinics in Zhejiang,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces in China.Methods In August 2005,in-depth interviews were undertaken with 30 heroin addicts,15 their family members and 7 health workers.Participants were recruited by doctors from local methadone clinics.After informed consent,face-to-face interviews were conducted in a private location near to the MMT clinics.The interview lasted for 1 to 1.5 hours.All interview records were transcribed and analyzed by ATLAS.5.0.Results Although a few clients reported that heroin was used stealthily,the cases of using heroin were markedly decreased.Accordingly,heroin-related crimes and HIV related high risk behaviors were substantially reduced.Physical health,self-esteem,emotional well-being,stress,family relationships,normal daily life,employment status and engagement in social activities were improved to various degrees for most clients.Conclusion MMT reduces not only heroin use,drug-related crimes and HIV spread,but also plays a positive role in improving clients' mental and physical health and in rehabilitating their social functions.Therefore,MMT coverage should be quickly expanded so that more drug users may participate in this treatment regime.