Comparación de la ecografía endoanal contrastada con la cirugía en el diagnóstico de las fístulas endoanales

Purpose

To evaluate the usefulness of hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound (H₂O₂) in the preoperative assessment of perianal fistulas and to compare these results with unenhanced ultrasound findings.

Methods

All patients with surgically confirmed perianal fistula who underwent preoperative enhanced and unenhanced ultrasound were included. We compared enhanced and unenhanced ultrasound findings with surgical results (χ² and McNemar tests).

Results

A total of 44 surgically treated patients were analysed. Hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound correctly identified primary fistula tracks in 34 patients (sensitivity of 77%), 100% of abscesses and the internal opening in 29 out of 37 identified with surgery (sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 70%). The use of hydrogen peroxide provided additional information to the ultrasound performed without the use of contrast enhancement in 32 of the 44 patients (73%). H₂O₂ increased the number of fistula tracts correctly detected (77% vs 45%; p<0.003), particularly suprasphincteric fistulas, as well as internal openings (78% vs 22%; p<0.001) and secondary tracks (70% vs 0%). Additional detection of fistula tracks after H₂O₂ injection was higher in patients with previous surgery (68% vs 35%; p<0.05).

Conclusions

Hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound shows good agreement compared with surgical findings in the assessment of perianal fistulas. H₂O₂ improves conventional ultrasound results, increasing the detection of fistula tracks and internal openings, and also providing additional information, particularly in previously operated patients.