Temporary unilateral microembolization of the lung-a new approach to regional chemotherapy for pulmonary metastases

BACKGROUND: Except in patients with resectable disease, treatment of pulmonary metastases is still disappointing. Regional chemotherapy may be a suitable method for delivering more effective doses to regionally confined tumors while minimizing systemic toxicity. We propose an unilateral chemoembolization of the lung applicable by endovascular method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An unilateral microembolization of the lung with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) alone (group 1) and combined with carboplatin (group 2) was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12). Microcirculatory parameters were studied by in vivo videomicroscopy and radiological pattern on pulmonary angiogram. RESULTS: After injection of DSM, mean embolization time in subpleural capillaries was 7.1 +/- 2.3 min, followed by a mean flow retardation of 14.3 +/- 4.6 min; 21.4 +/- 4.7 min after embolization, original flow of erythrocytes was observed demonstrating reperfusion and reversibility of microembolization. After reperfusion relative fluorescence measured in subpleural alveoli was 0.13 +/- 0.049 in group 1, 0.105 +/- 0.016 in group 2, and 0.11 +/- 0.036 in control group (NS). Alveolar septal diameter was 17.3 +/- 1.13 microm in group 1, 16.8 +/- 1.25 microm in group 2, and 16.6 +/- 1.08 microm in control group (NS), demonstrating neither altered permeability nor pulmonary edema. Pulmonary angiogram confirmed patency of the central pulmonary artery. CONCLUSION: For the first time unilateral microembolization of the lung could be established in an experimental model. By injection of DSM, reversible embolization on arteriolar and capillary level could be demonstrated without occlusion of the main branches of the pulmonary arteries. Alveolar-capillary membrane disorder as symptom of early toxicity could not be detected even with additional application of carboplatin.