实验小动物艾美球虫概述

啮齿类 (实验动物大鼠、小鼠、地鼠、豚鼠 )及家兔寄生的艾美球虫 (Eimeria)种类繁多 ,寄生频度高 ,有些具有明显的病原性 ,危害很大 ,在《国标》中被列为应排除的寄生虫之一。球虫中除家兔艾美球虫在国内曾有较为系统报道外 ,其他小动物球虫尚少涉及。我们根据现有的资料整理 ,提出如下意见 :(1)根据艾美球虫的宿主特异性 ,将近 30多种球虫分成 5组 ,便于检索区分种类。 (2 )目前分类依据主要是靠卵囊的形态特征 ,遇有虫种多时 ,种间特征则难辨 ,这主要是卵囊成熟度不同的缘故 ,建议最好在取材时照顾到样品的新与旧 ,通过对比方法找出规律性 ,便于种的识别。 (3)卵囊形态作为分类的主要指征 ,若能配合生活史全过程 ,诸如艾美球虫在肠壁细胞内的无性生殖 (裂殖生殖 )和有性生殖 (配子生殖 )直到形成卵囊的需要时间 ,并在过程中观察组织病理学变化等结合起来 ,综合判断 ,更会增加定种的可信性。

A Synopsis of Eimeria spp.Parasitized in Laboratory Small Animals

The Eimeria spp. parasitized in laboratory small animals(rats, mice, hamsters, guinea-pigs and rabbits) are numerous in number and high in frequency.And all the small laboratory animals should be free from all those Eimeria spp. Among Eimeria, only those parasitized in rabbits have been studied systematically, the others are still unknown to us. The following are our opinions based on the information we have. (1)Based on the host specificity of Eimeria, more than 30 spp. of Eimeria are divided into 5 animal groups in order to be easier in species identification. (2)The classification of Eimeria nowadays is based on the morphology of oocyst. It's difficult to distinguish when there are many kinds of Eimeria due to a variety of maturation degree. It's important to point out that both new and old samples are needed. The morphological regularity found by contrast is useful in species identification. (3)The morphology of oocyst is the main point of classification. The creditability of identification worud be increased by the combination judgement based on observing the whole process of Eimeria life-cycle, such as schizogony and gametogony reproduction in the intestinal cells, the needed time of the formation of occyst and the histological and pathological changes.