Colorectal cancer: genetics of development and metastasis |
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Authors: | Tetsuji Takayama Koji Miyanishi Tsuyoshi Hayashi Yasushi Sato Yoshiro Niitsu |
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Institution: | (1) Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuou-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan |
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Abstract: | It has been well documented that there are two major pathways in colorectal carcinogenesis. One is the chromosomal instability
pathway (adenoma–carcinoma sequence), which is characterized by allelic losses on chromosome 5q (APC), 17p (p53), and 18q (DCC/SMAD4), and the other is a pathway that involves microsatellite instability. Recent progress in molecular biology, however, has
shown that colorectal carcinogenesis is not necessarily clearly divided into these two pathways, but is in fact more complicated.
Other routes, including the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD pathway, the serrated pathway, and the epigenetic pathway, have
been reported. Cross talk among these pathways has also been reported. In the invasion and metastasis steps of colorectal
cancers, many more genes have now been identified as being involved in proteolysis, adhesion, angiogenesis, and cell growth.
Recently accumulated evidence indicates that colorectal cancer is a genetically heterogeneous and complicated disease. |
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Keywords: | colorectal cancer chromosomal instability microsatellite instability metastasis |
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