三重自我的动机层级:自我积极偏差的视角

目的:由个体自我、关系自我和集体自我构成的三重自我心理结构对人类的生存和繁衍具有重要意义。三种自我的动机层级关系一直存在争议。为此,本研究考察了三重自我的动机层级关系。方法:以大学生为被试,采用自我参照效价范式设计了三个实验。实验1初步考察中国人的三重自我动机层级。实验2、3旨在分离关系自我的个体身份特征,并探究其对三重自我动机层级可能带来的干扰作用。结果:当关系自我被"家庭关系(母亲和父亲)"表征时,三重自我的动机层级表现为"个体自我与关系自我平级(自我与不同类型特质词的链接方式相似,积极词链接肯定回答和消极词否定回答最快),集体自我次之"。当关系自我是亲密好友的关系表征时,三重自我动机则表现为与西方研究结论一致的"个体自我优先、关系自我次之、集体自我最末"的层级结构。结论:中国人三重自我的动机层级受到关系自我的身份特征的深刻影响。

The Motivational Hierarchy of the Triple Self:The Perspective of Self-positive Bias

Objective:The self-concept is not a singular and monolithic cognitive structure.Instead,it comprises three fundamental components:the individual self,the relational self and the collective self.The tripartite self is of great significance to human survival and reproduction.Are the selves equally vital and meaningful?Methods:In the Experiment 1,we used the SRV task to explore the motivational hierarchy of Chinese tripartite self.Experiment 2 and 3 were designed to separate the possible disturbances of individual-identity characteristics in the triple self-motivation hierarchy.Results:The results showed that when the relational self was represented by“mother”,the motivational status of tripartite self was that the individual self and the relational self were in the same level.The father’s role was similar to that of the mother,and when the relational self was represented by kinship,the motivational status of tripartite self was similar to that in Experiment 1.However,when the relational self was“friend”,the role of the relational self was no longer as strong as that of“family relationship”.Conclusion:A three-tiered hierarchy was demonstrated with the individual self at the top,followed by the relational self,and trailed at the bottom by the collective self appears.