microRNA与弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤关系的研究进展

微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度为20多个核苷酸的内源性非编码调控RNA。它们通过序列特异性翻译抑制或mRNA 裂解来调控基因表达，参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学过程。近期的研究发现，许多microRNA具有癌基因或抑癌基因的作用，在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）是最常见的一类恶性淋巴瘤，占非霍奇金淋巴瘤的30% 左右，DLBCL被定义为B 细胞起源的、有大的肿瘤细胞、具有侵袭性临床表现、需要高效力的化学治疗的恶性淋巴瘤，这类肿瘤发生于淋巴结内或结外，可原发或继发于其它低度恶性淋巴瘤的演进，临床表现、形态学、免疫表型及遗传学特征极具异质性。现已发现若干种microRNA直接参与弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤的发生和发展；microRNA表达谱也与弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤分子亚型相关。作为一类新的分子靶标，microRNA被应用于弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤的诊断和生物治疗具有广阔的前景。 

The Research Progress on the Relationship between microRNA and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

MicroRNAs (or miRNA) are a noncoding regulated endogenous RNA molecules with the length of 22nt. As negative regulators, they were used to regulate the gene expression through sequence-specific translational suppression or mRNA cleavage, and participate in a series of key biological processes, such as cell development and proliferation, apoptosis, and haematopoiesis etc. Recently, researchers have found that many microRNAs have oncogenes or tumor sup-pressor genes, and can play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumor. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a most common malignant lymphoma, which accounts for 30% of the NHL. DLBCL is defined as the malignant lymphoma which originates from the B cells, has big tumor cells, shows aggressive clinical manifestations, and needs che -motherapy of high efficiency. This kind of tumor occur inside or outside lymph node, and can be primary or secondary in the evolution of other low-grade malignant lymphomas. Therefore, there exists an extremely heterogeneity in the clinical mani-festation, morphology, immunophenotype and genetic characteristics of the carcinoma. Now, researchers have found that several kinds of microRNA directly involved in the occurrence and development of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, and there is a correlation between the microRNA expression and molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. As a kind of new molecular target, miRNA has a broad prospect in the application for diagnosis and biotherapy of the diffuse large B cell lymphoma.