贵州省5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行病学调查及相关因素分析

目的:探讨贵州省5岁儿童乳牙龋病状况及相关因素,为开展儿童口腔预防保健提供科学依据。方法:按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》,采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,抽取贵州省城乡5岁年龄组儿童共792例,使用CPI探针检查全口乳牙牙冠龋病情况。同时随机对其中1/2的儿童家长就儿童的生活习惯、口腔卫生习惯和就医情况等进行问卷调查,数据采用SPSS软件统计,计算患龋率、龋均,并进行龋病的相关因素分析。结果:乳牙患龋率为45.6%,龋均1.92。城乡患龋率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.54,P0.05),性别之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);龋均城市低于农村,不同性别之间乳牙龋均差异无统计学意义。频繁喝可乐、牛奶等甜食、过去12个月内有过牙痛或不适与儿童乳牙龋有关;儿童尽早刷牙可降低患龋的风险。结论:应加强对家长的口腔卫生保健知识的健康教育,减少儿童进食可乐、牛奶,家长适时5儿童检查牙齿、尽早指导儿童刷牙,可预防龋病和控制儿童龋病的流行。

A epidemiological investigation and analysis on related factors of primary teeth caries in children aged 5 years old in Guizhou

Objective:To explore the status of primary teeth caries and related factors in children aged 5 years old in Guizhou,provide a scientific basis for prevention and health care of primary teeth caries.Methods:792 children aged 5 years old in Guizhou were selected by multi-stage,stratified random sampling according to the Third National Oral Health Investigation Guideline,the status of primary teeth caries were examined by CPI probe,1/2 of the parents were selected randomly to investigate living habits,oral health habits and status of seeing a doctor of children by a questionnaire,the data were analyzed using SPSS software,the incidence of primary teeth caries and decayed,missing and filled tooth(dmft) were calculated,the related factors of primary teeth caries were analyzed.Results:The incidence of primary teeth caries was 45.6%,dmft was 1.92;there was significant difference in incidence of primary teeth caries between rural children and urban children(χ2=5.54,P<0.05),there was no significant difference between boys and girls(P>0.05);dmft of urban children was significantly lower than that of rural children,there was no significant difference between boys and girls;drinking coke and milk frequently,toothache in the past 12 months were related to primary teeth caries in children;early toothbrushing decreased the risk of primary teeth caries.Conclusion:Oral health care of children should be strengthened,avoidance of intake of coke and milk,oral examination timely and early toothbrushing may prevent the prevalence of dental caries in children.