Practising evidence-based occupational health in workers' groups: how to prevent sickness absence caused by influenza

BACKGROUND: Influenza remains a major cause of disease and death. In addition to its recognized health effects, influenza has socio-economic consequences, in particular sickness absence. Managing influenza in working populations remains a relevant topic. METHODS: This paper reports a case study dealing with the problem of sickness absence due to influenza-like illness epidemics in health care workers (HCWs) in a health care setting. The case was investigated and the solution was provided according to the evidence-based medicine (EBM) paradigm using the PICO model. RESULTS: The investigation was carried out by using firstly the Cochrane Library and secondly Medline. Nine papers were considered to find appropriate solutions. Two main types of interventions were suggested: (i) influenza vaccination or (ii) antiviral M2 protein inhibitors and neuraminidase inhibitors. As the latter intervention is not yet completely validated, the immunization intervention was considered. The evidence obtained was reported to the general manager and it was proposed to undertake an annual programme of vaccination for all the health care professionals. CONCLUSION: The case study shows that, as for other clinicians, the occupational physician can use the EBM paradigm according to the PICO model as a tool for providing appropriate solutions for the group of workers.