548例颌面创伤患者的回顾性分析

目的：通过回顾分析本院颌面创伤住院患者的临床资料，了解西安地区颌面创伤病例的构成、发病特点和临床流行病学现状。方法：对第四军医大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科2003年7月～2006年6月3年间548例口腔颌面创伤患者的年龄、性别、时间、致伤原因、骨折特点、好发部位、神经损伤以及合并损伤等方面进行流行病学调查分析，采用SPSS10．12软件录入、分析所有数据。结果：颌面创伤患者占本院同期住院患者的22％，男女比例为3．9：1，21～40岁为发病高峰年龄。颌面创伤患者以7月份最多，2月份最少。交通事故在致伤原因中占50．91％，居于首位。颌面损伤以多发性骨折为主，人均骨折部位数为2．3处。在颌面骨骼中，下颌骨骨折最常见，其次是上颌骨和颧弓。在颌面部神经中，眶下神经和面神经损伤最常见。颅脑伤、四肢伤和眼损伤是颌面骨折最常见的合并伤。结论：近年来颌面创伤发病率逐年上升，且伤度加重、伤情复杂，交通事故伤呈上升趋势，创伤患者有年轻化趋势，男女比率有一定下降。

Maxillofacial injuries:A 3-year study of 548 patients

PURPOSE:To investigate the epidemiological features of maxillofacial injuries and provide epidemiological information.METHODS:548 maxillofacial injuries from July 2003 to June 2006 were analyzed,including the age, gender,time distribution of injury,cause of injury,type of fracture and nerve injury,and associated systemic injuries. RESULTS:The majority of maxillofacial injuries were found in males,and the most prevalent age ranged from 21 to 40 years.The incidence of maxillofacial injuries was highest in July,and lowest in February.The leading cause of facial trauma was traffic accidents.Mandible fracture was more common than maxillary and zygomatic arch fracture.Multiple fractures had higher prevalence than single fracture.The average number of fractures for each patient was 2.3.Infraorbital nerve injuries and accompanied injuries to brain and skull were most common in facial trauma.CONCLUSION:The incidence of facial trauma increased markedly in the past 3 years,and the injuries tended to be graver and more complicated.The incidence of maxillofacial injuries caused by traffic accidents rised,the age of the patients tended to be younger,and the number of female victims increased more rapidly.