Genetic aspects of melatonin biology

For decades, the important physiological roles of the pineal hormone have inspired scientific investigations. Research efforts have generated a broad amount of information relevant to various genetic aspects of melatonin biology. Nevertheless, our understanding of the effect of genetic factors upon melatonin biosynthesis and the mechanisms of gene expression regulation by melatonin in target tissues is far from complete. The present review makes an effort to summarize and systematize the existing information on the subject, sequentially discussing (i) the effect of genetic factors upon melatonin biosynthesis, (ii) melatonin receptor expression profiles, and (iii) the effect of melatonin upon expression of genes in target tissues.