老年人髋部骨折深静脉血栓形成的发生及相关检查

目的 探讨老年人髋部骨折深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的发生率和发生时间,以及D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板计数(PLT)对DVT的诊断价值. 方法选取2005年1月至2006年12月收治的112例65岁以上(包括65岁)髋部骨折患者,男47例,女65例;年龄65～90岁,平均75.5岁.以D-二聚体、FIB、PLT作为特异性纤溶过程标记物,采用实验室定量检测.分析老年人髋部骨折DVT的发生率、发生时间和分布;分析D-二聚体、FIB、PLT与老年人髋部骨折DVT的相关性,以及性别和骨折类型对D-二聚体浓度的影响. 结果通过下肢超声检查和下肢静脉造影检查,其中18例被证实有DVT,老年人髋部骨折DVT的发生率为16.1%(18/112).DVT发生时间集中分布于伤后2～6 d,平均(5.4±0.8)d,明显短于手术时间[(11.6±1.3)d)].老年人髋部骨折DVT(+)组D-二聚体浓度明显高于DVT(-)组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).老年人髋部骨折DVT(+)组FIB、PLT浓度与DVT(-)组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).性别对D-二聚体浓度的影响差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),骨折类型对D-二聚体浓度的影响差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 老年人髋部骨折DVT发生率较高,且发生时间明显短于手术时间,存在急诊手术指征.D-二聚体浓度正常对排除老年人髋部骨折DVT具有临床意义,但 D-二聚体浓度升高对诊断老年人髋部骨折DVT不具有临床意义.FIB、PLT浓度对诊断老年人髋部骨折DVT不具有临床意义.骨折类型对D-二聚体浓度有影响.

Deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture and its association with laboratory tests

Objective To investigate incidence and onset of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in elderly patients with hip fracture, and to evaluate the laboratory tests of plasma levels of D-Dimer, fibrinogen(FIB)and platelet(PLT) in diagnosing DVT. Methods From January, 2005 to December, 2006, 112 patients, 47 men and 65 women, aged 65 and over, were recruited into this study. Their mean age was 75.5 (range, 65 to 90) years. D-Dimer, FIB and PLT, as high specific fibrin degradation products, were detected via laboratory testing. The incidence, onset and distribution of DVT in these cases were observed. Univariate analysis was used to determine the associations between laboratory values and DVT. Influences of sex and type of hip fracture on the concentration of D-Dimer were studied as well. Results DVT was detected in 18 patients by means of B-mode ultrasonography and venography. The incidence rate of DVT in the elderly was 16. 1%. The onset of DVT took place between the second day and sixth day of hospitalization (average, 5.4 days), apparently earlier than the time of surgery (11. 6 days). Serum D-Dimer level was found significantly higher in the DVT group (P ＜ 0. 05) whereas levels of plasma FIB and PLT showed no significant influence on DVT(P ＞ 0. 05) . The D-Dirmer level was strongly influenced by type of fracture but not by sex.Conclusions Elderly patients with hip fracture have a high incidence of DVT. Since the onset of DVT usually happens before surgery, emergent operation is strongly indicated. A normal level of serum D-Dimer may be clinically significant in excluding the onset of DWT, but a simple rise in plasma D-Dimer level may not indicate DWT. The plasma levels of FIB and PLT may have no clinical significance in diagnosing DVT.D-Dimer level is not associated with sex of patients but with type of fracture.