爆发痛的特征及发病机制

爆发痛是在已用阿片类药物对患者的稳定形式的疼痛进行了充分治疗的基础上，仍然出现的短暂剧烈发作的恶性疼痛。虽然近年来对爆发痛的研究不断深入，且已取得了一定的成果，但是其全部机制仍然未明。由于它给肿瘤患者，特别是晚期癌症患者所带来的巨大不良体验，以及它较高的发生率，因此，对爆发痛的合理认识和有效管理便具有了较高的重要意义。本文就爆发痛的分类、评估、发病机制以及治疗手段的最新进展做一综述。

Features and mechanisms of breakthrough pain.

Breakthrough pain is a very common and quite severe malignant experience for patients with cancer, which is usually unlikely to be well-controlled and thoroughly understood. It could be a top challenge for both patients and doctors. Therefore, a good acknowledgement and an effective way of treatment towards breakthrough pain are vital. This review presents the latest research advances on the classification, mechanisms, evaluation and management of breakthrough pain.