不同类型护士的成就动机及自我效能感的研究

目的 了解不同类型护士成就动机、自我效能感现状,探讨医院护士和护校学生自我效能感和成就动机的差异.方法 采用成就动机量表和自我效能感综合量表对90名麻醉科、重症监护室、急救部的护士及78名普通护校刚毕业的护士进行调查.结果 （1）急救类护士追求成功的动机分数明显低于护校的护士（t=-2.914,P＝o.044）,而回避失败的动机则明显高于护校护士（t=2.789,P=0.049）;（2）麻醉科护士、重症监护室护士与急救部护士之间成就动机差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;（3）急救类护士除希望成功因子明显低于护校护士（P＜0.05）,回避失败、过度努力均明显高于护校护士（P＜0.05）;另12.22％的急救类护士成就动机达中等水平,明显高于护校护士（P＜0.05）;（4）急救类护士一般自我效能感分数、学业自我效能感分数和自我调节学习效能感的分数均显著低于护校护士,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（5）麻醉科护士、ICU护士与急救部护士之间一般自我效能感分数、学业自我效能感分数和自我调节学习效能感差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 护理管理者应关注在职护士的行为倾向和心理动向,减轻护士工作倦怠的程度,提高自我效能感,从而提高护理工作质量和工作效率.

Study of achievement motivation and self-efficacy in different types of nurses

Objective To investigate the different types of nurses＇ achievement motivation and self-efficacy, and to explore the difference among nurses and nursing students. Methods The self-efficacy, achievement motivation in 90 nurses （Anesthesia Department, Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department） and 74 nursing students were investigated by using achievement motivation scale and self-efficacy scale. Results （1） The nurses＇ score of suc- cess-oriented motive in Emergency Department was significantly higher than nursing students （t=-2.914, P=-0.044）; （2） There was no significant difference of achievement motivation between the nurses in Anesthesia Department, Inten- sive Care Unit, and Emergency Department （P〉0.05）; （3） The nurses＇ hopes of success factor in Emergency Depart- ment was significantly lower than nursing students （P〈0.05）, but their avoiding failure, excessive effort were signifi- cantly higher than the nursing students （P〈0.05）; 12.22% nurses in Emergency Department had achievement motiva- tion of middle level, significantly higher than nursing students （P〈0.05）; （4） The nurses＇ general self-efficacy scores, academic self-efficacy scores and self regulated learning self-efficacy scores in Emergency Department were significantly lower than nursing students, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; （5） The general self-efficacy scores, academic self-efficacy scores and self regulated learning self-efficacy scores had no significant difference between the nurses in Anesthesia Department, Intensive Care Unit, and Emergency Depart- ment （P〉0.05）. Conclusion Nursing managers should pay attention to nurses＇ behavior and psychological trends, to reduce the degree of job burnout, in order to improve the self-efficacy, nursing quality and work efficiency.