儿童自主神经介导性晕厥与心因性假性晕厥的临床特征及鉴别

目的分析并比较儿童自主神经介导性晕厥(NMS)与心因性假性晕厥(PPS)的临床特征。方法回顾分析以晕厥为主诉,并排除心源性晕厥、境遇性晕厥、药源性晕厥及神经源性及代谢性疾病的短暂意识丧失患儿的临床特征,对比NMS与PPS临床特征的异同。结果入选106例晕厥患儿中,NMS85例(80.2%)、PPS13例(12.3%)、诊断不明晕厥8例(7.5%)。PPS多以近期精神刺激因素为诱因,晕厥次数频繁,直立不耐受评分高,先兆较少,发作持续时间长。NMS常以持久站立、运动、体位改变为主要诱因,先兆多以头晕、视物模糊、消化道症状为主,持续时间短5 min。结论 NMS是儿童晕厥最常见的原因,PPS是非晕厥型短暂意识丧失的重要原因,两者在临床特征上有相似点,应在诊断中予以鉴别。

The clinical features and identification of autonomic nervous mediated syncope and pseudo psychogenic syncope in children

Objectives To analyze and compare the clinical features of autonomic nervous mediated syncope (NMS) and pseudo psychogenic syncope (PPS) in children.Methods Clinical features were retrospectively analyzed in children with syncope complaint not caused by cardiac syncope, situation of syncope, drug-induced syncope, and neurogenic and metabolic diseases that caused brief loss of consciousness, and the clinical features of similarities and differences between NMS and PPS were compared. Results In 106 children with syncope were included, there were 85 cases (80.2%) of NMS, 13 cases (12.3%) of PPS, and 8 cases (7.5%) of unexplained syncope. PPS was induced by recent mental stimulation; the syncope was more frequent; the score of orthostatic intolerance was higher; the omen was rare; the duration of attack was longer. NMS was induced by long time standing, movement and body position change; the omen was mainly dizziness, blurred vision and gastrointestinal symptoms; the duration of attack was short (<5 min).Conclusions NMS is the most common cause of syncope in children, while PPS is an important cause of transient consciousness of non-syncope. There are similarities in clinical features between NMA and PPA and differential diagnosis is needed.