儿童中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤诊断与治疗

儿童脑瘤是儿童期最常见的恶性实体肿瘤,由一组异质性的疾病组成。其中髓母细胞瘤,幕上原始神经外胚叶肿瘤(SPNET)和原发中枢生殖细胞瘤(CNS GCT)是最常见的儿童青少年中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤。这些胚胎源性肿瘤对放疗化疗较敏感,手术联合放疗和化疗是标准的治疗。然而,全中枢放疗可导致生长发育迟缓和内分泌功能异常。国外已进行大量的联合化疗减少放疗剂量方面的临床研究。本文主要是复习有关儿童髓母细胞瘤、幕上原始神经外胚叶肿瘤和原发中枢生殖细胞瘤的临床研究及诊断和治疗的进展。

Diagnosis and Therapy of Malignant Central Nervous System Brain Tumors in Children and Adolescents

Primary brain tumors are a diverse group of diseases and are the most common solid tumors in children. Medulloblastomas, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET) and germ cell tumors are the three most common brain tumors in children and adolescents. These embryonic brain tumors are sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard therapy. However, craniospinal radiotherapy can result in growth retardation and endocrine abnormality in children. A bunch of clinic studies have been done to reduce dose of radiotherapy and combine radiotherapy with chemotherapy in children brain tumors. In this paper, we reviewed the these clinic study results and give diagnosis and treatment guideline for children medulloblastomas, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors and germ cell tumor.