Short report: observations on the multiple feeding behavior of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: culicidae), the vector of Japanese encephalitis in Kerala in southern India

A study was undertaken in villages endemic for Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Kerala in southern India during the period 1998-2001 to determine the host-feeding pattern of Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the major vector of JE in southeast Asia. A total of 3,067 blood-engorged Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were tested and 2,553 (82.2%) of the samples could be identified. Culex tritaeniorhynchus had fed mainly (56.6%) on cattle. Pig feeding accounted 6.3% of the total samples. Some samples (n = 980, 38.3%) were of serologic mixed origin. Of 980 mixed blood-fed mosquitoes, 975 (99.5%) had imbibed blood from two distinct hosts and 5 (0.5%) imbibed blood from three distinct hosts. Mixed blood meals were mostly (96.7%) from cattle and goats. The epidemiologic implications of multiple feeding of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus on dampening (dead-end) hosts such as cattle and goats in the transmission of JE virus is discussed.