进行心包穿刺和引流的心包积液患者的临床特点分析

目的：探讨需要进行心包穿刺和引流的心包积液患者的临床特征,以指导该类患者的诊断和治疗。方法：总结并分析202例需要进行心包穿刺和引流的心包积液患者的临床特征、病因及心包积液性质。结果：除11例急性心肌梗死患者来不及进行心包穿刺外,191例均成功进行心包穿刺和引流,漏出液12例,渗出液179例。渗出液中,肿瘤性77例,结核性62例,医源性18例,急性心肌梗死15例,结缔组织疾病10例。77例肿瘤性心包积液中,肺癌42例,乳腺癌7例,原发灶暂时不明确的转移性腺癌6例,淋巴瘤7例,肝癌4例,纵隔瘤3例,胃癌、膀胱癌、直肠癌、心包肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、黑色素瘤、恶性胸腺瘤和心脏血管瘤各1例。18例医源性心包积液中,心律失常导管消融者10例,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗者6例。心律失常导管消融并发医源性心包积液的比例女性高于男性、房颤患者高于非房颤患者。9例导管消融者行心包穿刺和引流即可,余9例医源性心包积液还需外科修补。15例急性心肌梗死者在住院期间均死亡。结论：需要进行心包穿刺和引流的心包积液多为渗出液及血性,肿瘤和结核为主要原因,注意识别和鉴别医源性心包积液和急性心肌梗死,积极心包穿刺和引流是重要的治疗手段。

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Pericardial Effusion Undergoing Pericardiocentesis and Drainage

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis and drainage in order to guide the diagnosis and treatments. Methods: Clinical characteristics and etiology of 202 cases with pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis were analyzed. Results: Except 11 cases with acute myocardial infarction, pericardiocentesis and drainage were successfully performed in 191 cases, of which 12 cases with transudates and 179 cases with exudates. Am...