镉作业工人停止接触后镉接触和肾功能损害指标变化

目的了解镉作业工人停止接触镉后尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白、尿视黄醇结合蛋白的变化，以及肾功能损害情况，探讨职业性镉接触与肾功能的变化规律。方法选择惠州某镍镉电池厂41名镉中毒观察对象（尿镉连续两次超过5μmol／mol肌酐）为研究对象，分析尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白、尿视黄醇结合蛋白的变化；并通过跟踪研究他们在停止接触镉3年后，尿镉及肾功能损害指标的变化的规律。结果尿镉在停止接触镉后逐年下降，尿β2-微球蛋白、尿视黄醇结合蛋白停止接触镉后并没有下降，反而逐年升高，前一年相比，总体水平变化不显著，但是尿β2-微球蛋白在停止接触3年后与接触时相比有差异性显著（P〈0．05）。结论镉观察对象停止接触3年后，尿镉明显下降，但尿镉水平仍较高（大于5μmol／mol肌酐），尿β2-微球蛋白含量升高有显著性，且尿β2-微球蛋白异常率也明显增加；尿视黄醇结合蛋白含量变化不显著。脱离镉接触可能会引起尿镉水平下降，但是停止接触多年后仍可引起肾功能损害。

Investigation into variations of levels of urine cadmium, urineβ2-microglobulin,urine retinol union protein in workers after getting rid of exposure to cadmium

Objective To understand the variations of levels of urine cadmium, urine β2-microglobulin, urine retinol union protein and the status of renal injury in workers after getting rid of exposure to cadmium. Methods There 41 cadmium poisoning workers exposed to cadmium and with the level of creatinine of 5μmol/mol were selected and the levels of urine cadmium, the urine β2-microglobulin, urine retinol union protein in workers three years after getting rid of exposure to cadmium were determined and the status of renal injury was observed. Results The level of urine cadmium dropped year by year after getting rid of exposure to cadmium but still higher than 5μmol/mol of creatinine and the abnormal rate of level of β2-microglobulin were also increased. The variation of level of urine retinol union protein was not significant. Conclusion The levels of urine cadmium is significantly reduced but still higher than 5μ mol/mol of creatinine in addition to the increase of levels of β2-microglobulin and abnormal rate of β2-microglobulin in workers three year after getting rid of exposure to cadmium. Thus it is concluded that renal injury may occur to those exposed to cadmium even years after getting rid of exposure to cadmium.