左肾静脉压迫综合征的手术治疗(附四例报告)

目的　探讨左肾静脉压迫综合征 (胡桃夹现象 )的临床特点及诊治方法。　方法　左肾静脉压迫综合征男性患者 4例 ,年龄 16～ 2 2岁。临床主要表现为反复发作肉眼血尿 ,1例合并左侧精索静脉曲张。膀胱镜下均可发现左侧输尿管口喷血尿 ,B超及CT三维重建示腹主动脉与肠系膜上动脉夹角处左肾静脉明显受压 ,肾静脉近端扩张。结合文献讨论其发病特点 ,影像学特征和治疗。　结果　 4例患者术前均明确诊断 ,均行左肾静脉重建手术 ,术后血尿消失 ,痊愈出院。术后 6个月及 9个月分别复查B超、CT三维血管重建 ,4例患者肾脏大小正常 ,重建肾静脉通畅 ,受压现象消失 ,尿常规正常。　结论　左肾静脉压迫综合征临床特点为肾静脉高压 ,肉眼或镜下血尿 ,精索静脉曲张。左肾静脉重建手术是治疗血尿的有效方法。

Surgical management for left renal vein entrapment syndrome ( report of 4 cases)

Objective To study the clinical features,the diagnosis and treatment of left renal entrapment syndrome. Methods Four male patients with left renal entrapment syndrome were reported.Their age ranged from 16 to 22 years.The clinical features were characterized by recurrent episodes of gross hematuria,and 1 case had left varicocele concomitantly.Cystoscopy showed hematuria from the left ureter orifice.B-ultrasonography and CT scan showed that the left vein was clearly compressed at the included angle of abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery and the proximal vein was dilated in all the 4 patients.The characteristics of onset and imaging, and treatment of left renal entrapment syndrome were reviewed and discussed with the relevant literature. Results The diagnosis was established in the 4 cases based on B-ultrasonography and CT scan.Left renal vein reconstruction was performed on them.The patients were cured and discharged,with renal vein outflow being normal and no hematuria occurring.At 6 and 9 months after operation,CT and ultrasonography showed that the kidney contour was normal,the reconstructed veins were patent,and the routine urine test results were normal. Conclusions Left renal entrapment syndrome clinically results in high pressure of renal vein,hematuria and left varicocele.Autotransplantation of the left renal vein is an effective treatment option.