Antigenic competition in the immune response against protein mixtures: strain-specific non-immunogenicity of Escherichia coli antigens

Antigenic competition is argued to impair the immune response on the level of accessory cell-dependent antigen presentation to responsive T-cells (regulated by MHC encoded Ir gene products). A possible influence of these mechanisms on in vivo immunization with antigen mixtures was investigated by using cytoplasmic extracts of four different strains of Escherichia coli as antigen sources for immunizing rabbits. The immune response against these antigen mixtures was tested by crossed immune electrophoresis (CIE) and immunoblotting (IB) in a homologous system (a given antigen extract of one strain against the corresponding antisera) and in the heterologous system (antigen extract of one strain against the antisera of different other strains). Several proteins were non-immunogenic in the extract of one strain but elicited good antibody responses in other strains. One of the strain-specific non-immunogenic proteins was purified and revealed a normal immune response upon immunization. The data suggest that different antigenic competition effects are induced by different protein compositions of antigen mixtures. This strain-specific competition seems to determine the immunogenicity of certain molecules (and not only the immunogenic properties of the molecules themselves). Furthermore this method offers a practical approach to increase the antibody production against weak immunogens in antigen mixtures.