医患双主体视角下南京地区公众健康教育的现状调查与问题分析

目的 通过现状调查了解健康中国进程以来江苏南京地区公众健康教育实施的问题和不足,为我国公众健康教育可持续发展提供积极的路径参考。方法 2020年8月至2021年6月,选取南京地区5所三甲医院,采用整群随机抽样方法,针对医患双主体人群,开展公众健康教育相关问题调查,并对调查数据进行统计分析。结果 在内容上,医患双方在涉医的公众伦理、心理、法律教育评价上呈现统计学差异(P＜0.05); 在方式上,医患在公众健康教育媒介选择上具有统计学差异(P＜0.05),医方更希望采用群体教育方式(=19.003,P＜0.001),患方更希望采取个性化教育方式(=136.196,P=0.001); 在责任上,医患对公众健康教育的责任主体评价存在差异(网络媒体=63.863,P＜0.001; 医院及医护人员=46.197,P＜0.001); 在重要性评价上,医方的概念认知水平高于患方(Z=-3.815,Z=-3.530,P＜0.001),不同学历患者在公众健康教育认知上呈现统计学差异(高中b=-0.010,大专b=-0,201,本科b=0,硕士b=0.002,博士b=0.234,P＜0.05)。结论 明确公众健康教育中的政府主导与多方合力,强化医学专业人员公众健康教育的意识和能力,提升医学教育中公众健康内容的针对性和有效性,充分利用新旧媒介的复合传播功能推进技术升级,从而形成医院、大学、政府、社会多方参与的公众健康教育发展模式。

Public health education status in Nanjing under the background of Health China: a cross-sectional survey

Objective To understand the current situation of public health education in Nanjing in Jiangsu Province under the background of Health China, to find out the current shortcomings, and to provide positive suggestions for the development of public health education in China. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the cognitive status of public health education between doctors and patients in five three tertiary hospitals in Nanjing from August 2020 to June 2021. The relevant survey data were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results The doctors performed better than the patients in understanding the importance and concept of public health education(Z=-3.815,Z=-3.530,P＜0.001). Patients with different educational backgrounds showed statistical difference in public health education cognition(high school b= -0.010, college b=-0201, undergraduate b=0, master b= 0.002, b=doctor 0.234, P＜0.05 ). There were differences between doctors and patients in the evaluation of responsible subjects of public health education(web and media =63.863, P＜0.001, hospitals =10.627, P=0.001, medical staff =26.395,P＜0.001). There were also significant differences in the choice of public health education channels(=11.567, =27.952, =8.056, =24.182, =136.196, =19.003, =772.754, =9.916, =38.443, =4.346, P＜0.05), which illustrated that doctors preferred group education and patients preferred personalized education. Conclusion We should pay attention to the multi-level needs and the multi-dimensional content of public health education, strengthen public health courses and training in medical education and continuing medical education, and establish a comprehensive platform and broaden the ways of public health education.