成都市优质医疗资源可及性评价与空间优化

目的 对成都市优质医疗资源设施的空间可及性和各小区拥有的优质医疗资源水平进行分析,并对成都市优质医疗资源进行初步的空间优化。方法 本文优质医疗资源采用三级综合和专科医院衡量。小区数量和小区人口信息通过爬取二手房网站(贝壳网)获取,共得到12 521个小区信息,小区人口数按照爬取的小区户数乘上第七次人口普查成都市每户的平均人口数2.49人获得; 在此基础上,本文首先运用最优路径分析方法和两步移动搜寻方法对成都市三级医院空间可及性进行分析,随后从供需双方的角度对成都市三级医院医疗服务水平进行评价。结果 成都市优质医疗资源总体的可及性较好,仅有3.9%的小区达到优质医疗机构的距离大于15 km,2.1%的距离大于30 km。成都市中心地区小区单元享受优质医疗机构数量为10～55家,而南部和西部边缘地区小区单元享受的优质医疗机构数量仅有0～1家。成都北部、东部和西部部分地区小区每千人口享有优质医疗机构病床数大于25,而西北部和南部部分地区享受病床数不足1。通过对优质医疗资源位置分配分析,需增加5家三级医院即可满足目前小区单位人口的优质医疗服务需求。结论 成都市优质医疗资源空间布局存一定的问题,可通过新增优质医疗资源及加强道路建设提高空间可及性。

Accessibility and spatial optimization of high-quality medical resources in Chengdu

Objective To analyze the spatial accessibility of high-quality medical resources and facilities in Chengdu and the level of high-quality medical resources owned by each community, and to optimize the space of high-quality medical resources in Chengdu. Methods The quality of medical resources in this paper was measured by tertiary comprehensive and specialist hospitals. The population information of the community and the community was obtained through the crawling of the second-hand housing website(Shell Network), with a total of 12 521 community information obtained. And the population of the community was obtained by multiplying the number of households crawled by the average population of 2.49 people per household in Chengdu in the seventh census. On this basis, this paper first used the optimal path analysis method and two-step mobile search method to analyze the spatial accessibility of the tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, and then evaluated the medical service level of the tertiary hospitals from the perspective of both the supply and demand. Results The overall accessibility of high-quality medical resources in Chengdu was good. Only 3.9% of the districts were more than 15 km away from high-quality medical institutions, and 2.1% were more than 30 km away. However, the accessibility of high-quality medical resources in the southern and western fringe areas was relatively poor. The number of high-quality medical resources enjoyed by community units in the central area of Chengdu was 10-55, while the number of high-quality medical resources enjoyed by community units in the southern and western fringe areas was only 0-1. The results of beds per 1000 population showed that the service bed accessibility of high-quality medical resource institutions was more than 25 beds in the north, east and west of Chengdu, while less than 1 bed was available in the northwest and south of Chengdu. The number of beds per 1000 population in the central urban area of Chengdu was low. Through the analysis of the location allocation of high-quality medical resources, it is necessary to add five tertiary hospitals to meet the high-quality medical service needs of the current community unit population. Conclusion the spatial distribution of high-quality medical resources in Chengdu is unreasonable, which can be improved by adding new high-quality medical resources and strengthening road construction.