基于床位数的医疗服务可达性与公平性评价研究——以贵阳市云岩区为例

目的 利用床位数开展医疗服务可达性和公平性评价研究。方法 采用两步移动搜寻法模型和聚集度，对贵阳市云岩区医疗机构的空间可达性和公平性进行分析。结果 研究区域医疗机构床位数12.29张/每千常住人口；研究区域整体床位空间可达性值为4.52（R = 7.54），基层医疗机构可达性值0.26（R = 1.18），一级医疗机构可达性值为2.24（R = 4.09），二级医疗机构可达性值2.48（R = 4.23），三级医疗机构可达性值为6.24（R = 5.79）；医疗机构床位数可满足区域人口需求的街道7个（d＞0），占区域面积16.24%，人口密度2.14万人/km2，其中d值最高为市西河街道12.24，最低为普陀路街道- 3.37。结论 本研究区域医疗机构床位总量配置充足，但从空间可达性和公平性视角看配置仍显不均衡。

Evaluation of medical service accessibility and equity based on number of bed taking Yunyan district of Guiyang as an example

Objective To evaluate the accessibility and equity of medical service by the number of beds. Methods The spatial accessibility and equity of medical institutions in Yunyan district of Guiyang were analyzed by using two-step mobile search model and clustering degree. Results The number of beds in regional medical institutions was 12.29/1 000 resident population. The accessibility values of overall bed space, primary health care institutions, primary medical institutions, primary medical institutions, secondary medical institutions, and tertiary medical institutions were 4.52 (R=7.54), 0.26 (R=1.18), 2.24 (R=4.09), 2.48 (R=4.23), and 6.24 (R=5.79), respectively. There were 7 streets (d>0) where the number of beds of medical institutions could meet the demand of regional population, accounting for 16.24% of the regional area, and the population density was 21 400 people/km2, of which the highest d value was 12.24 in Xihe street and the lowest was Putuolu street. Conclusion The total allocation of beds in medical institutions in this study is sufficient, but the allocation is still uneven in terms of spatial accessibility and fairness.