2011—2020年珠海市肺结核流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2011—2020年珠海市肺结核报告发病的流行特征。方法 对2011—2020年珠海市肺结核发病数据进行描述性分析,采用趋势性χ2检验进行时间变化趋势分析。结果 2011—2020年,珠海市累计报告新发肺结核病例12 457例,平均报告发病率为73.82/10万,发病率从2011年的86.27/10万降至2020年的55.00/10万（趋势χ2 = 138.074,P＜0.001）。男性平均报告发病率为95.56/10万（8 488/8 882 300）,女性平均报告发病率为49.65/10万（3 969/7 993 400）,男女间年均报告发病率差异具有统计学意义（χ2 = 1 202.068,P＜0.001）;在25～34年龄段出现发病高峰,占全部发病例数的25.30%（3 151/12 457）;家政、家务及待业人群发病最多,占全部发病例数的45.03%（5 609/12 457）。结论 近年来,珠海市肺结核发病呈下降趋势,今后仍需加强男性、青壮年、家务及待业人群的结核病防控。

Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Zhuhai from 2011 to 2020

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Zhuhai from 2011 to 2020. Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted on the TB incident case data between 2011 and 2021 extracted from “China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention”, and trend analysis of temporal changes was performed using trend chi-square test. Results In total 12 457 TB cases were reported from 2011 to 2020 in Zhuhai with an average annual incidence of 73.82/100 000, with the incidence decreasing from 86.27/100 000 to 55.00/100 000 (χ2trend=138.074, P<0.001). From 2011 to 2020 in Zhuhai, the average annual incidence for male and female were 95.56/100 000 (8 488/8 882 300) and 49.65/100 000 (3 969/7 993 400), respectively, with significant statistical difference (χ2=1 202.068, P<0.001). The peak incidence occurred in the age group of 25 to 34 years, accounting for 25.30% of all cases (3 151/12 457). The incidence was the highest in the household service, domestic work, and unemployed population, accounting for 45.03% of all cases (5 609/12 457). Conclusion In recent years, the incidence of tuberculosis in Zhuhai has shown a decreasing trend, but in the future, it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of tuberculosis in men, young adults, domestic and unemployed population.