山东省社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状及关联研究

目的 探讨城市社区空巢老人社会支持与自理能力现状，并分析社会支持对空巢老人自理能力的影响。方法 采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法，抽取山东省城市社区卫生服务机构的2597名空巢老人作为研究对象，采用自编一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）进行调查。结果 山东省社区空巢老人社会支持评分为低、中水平占97.2%，ADL受损者占74.1%；社会支持总评分（r=-0.137，P＜0.01）及其主观支持（r=-0.150，P＜0.01）、客观支持（r=-0.086，P＜0.01）维度与日常生活活动能力呈负相关；回归结果显示，不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、患慢性病情况、两周患病情况、社会支持是ADL的影响因素，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区空巢老人自理能力较差，社会支持水平较低，社会支持与空巢老人自理能力呈负相关。通过“政府-社区-家庭”支持系统加强对空巢老人的社会支持，提升老年人自我照顾能力，提高其生活质量。

Status and correlation of social support and self-care ability of empty nesters in Shandong

Objective To investigate the status quo of social support and quality of life for empty nesters in urban communities, and to analyze the correlation between them, so as to provide evidence for intervention research on improving the health-related quality of life of empty nesters. Methods A total of 2597 empty nesters in Shandong city community health service center were selected by stratified random sampling. The general data questionnaire, social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and ability of living (ADL) were used to investigate. The correlation between social support and daily activities of empty nesters in urban communities was analyzed. Results The low and middle level of social support score of the empty-nesters in Shandong province accounted for 97.2% with high level accounted for 2.8%, and the ADL impaired patients accounted for 74.1%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that subjective support (r=-0.150, P<0.01), objective support (r=-0.086, P<0.01) and total score of social support (r=-0.137, P<0.01) were negatively correlated with daily living activities. The regression results showed that different genders, ages, marital status, education levels, chronic disease status in two weeks and social support were influencing factors of ADL, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Empty nesters in communities have poor self-care ability and low level of social support, which is negatively correlated with self-care ability of empty nesters. Through government-community-family support system, social support for empty nesters should be strengthened to improve self-care ability of the elderly and improve their quality of life.