我国老年人焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

目的 研究我国老年人焦虑症状检出率及其影响因素。方法 基于2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）数据，选取数据库中11 127名65岁及以上的老年人为研究对象，利用二分类logistic回归模型分析老年人焦虑症状检出状况与影响因素之间的关系。结果 11 127名老年人中有焦虑症状的有1 359人，占比12.2%。二分类logistic回归分析显示，女性老年人（OR = 1.374，95%CI:1.190～1.586）、居住在中部（OR = 1.420，95%CI:1.234～1.634）和西部（OR = 1.436，95%CI:1.208～1.708）、从不社交（OR = 1.249，95%CI:1.088～1.433）、自评健康较差（OR = 3.549，95%CI:2.953～4.267）、生活满意度较差（OR = 2.436，95%CI:1.870～3.173）、生活富裕程度较差（OR = 2.186，95%CI:1.722～2.775）是老年人焦虑发生的危险因素；非文盲（OR = 0.830，95%CI:0.724～0.951）、睡眠时长为7～9 h（OR = 0.476，95%CI:0.415～0.544）与＞9 h（OR = 0.487，95%CI:0.408～0.582）是老年人焦虑发生的保护因素。结论 我国老年人焦虑症状检出率较高，应加强对老年人心理健康的关注，改善我国老年人的焦虑检出状况。

The influencing factors in the anxiety status of Chinese elderly people

Objective To examine anxiety status and its influencing factors among elderly in China. Methods Based on the data from 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A total of 11 127 elderly aged ≥65 years were included in the study. The influencing factors of the health status of elderly were analyzed using the chi-square test, rank sum test, and the binary logistic regression method. Results Among 11 127 elderly, 1 359 (12.2%) were in poor anxiety status. Binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that female (OR=1.374, 95%CI: 1.190-1.586), living in the central China (OR=1.420, 95%CI: 1.234-1.634) and western China (OR=1.436，95%CI: 1.208-1.708), no social contact (OR=1.249，95%CI: 1.088-1.433), bad self-rated health (OR=3.549, 95%CI: 2.953-4.267), poor satisfaction with life (OR=2.436, 95%CI: 1.870-3.173), poor economic status (OR=2.186, 95%CI: 1.722-2.775) were associated with increased prevalence of anxiety status. While non-illiterate (OR=0.830, 95%CI: 0.724-0.951), sleep duration of 7 to 9 hours (OR=0.476, 95%CI: 0.415-0.544) and sleep duration ＞9 hours (OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.408-0.582) were associated with decreased prevalence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in elderly is high and more attention should be paid to the mental health of the elderly.