天津市儿童碘缺乏病防治健康教育现状及需求分析

目的 了解天津市儿童碘缺乏病防治健康教育现状以及需求，为进一步提高健康教育的质量和效率提供科学的理论依据。方法 2020年1—12月在天津市16个区的常住人口中，每个区随机抽取不少于40名儿童开展电子问卷调查，采用logistic回归模型分析碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率的影响因素，并分析儿童对于不同宣传方式和宣传内容的需求。结果 天津市儿童碘缺乏病防治知识总体知晓率为81.22%，食用碘盐组儿童的总体知晓率明显高于非碘盐组儿童（x²=55.319，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，母亲文化程度为大学及以上学历（OR=1.803，95%CI:1.079~3.011）和接受过健康教育（OR=2.841，95%CI:1.997~4.042）是影响儿童碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率的主要因素。儿童对于不同获取途径和核心知识的需求不同，且需求率均大于60%。最期望获取的核心知识途径依次为宣传视频（74.02%）、微信公众号（73.46%）和电视（72.00%）。最想了解的核心知识依次为“碘盐的正确使用方法”（82.42%）、“预防碘缺乏的根本措施”（82.31%）、“富含碘的食物”（81.52%）和“人体碘营养的适宜水平”（81.52%）。结论 健康教育能够有效提高儿童碘缺乏病防治知识知晓水平，从而促进儿童开展补碘相关行为。母亲的文化程度以及健康教育是影响儿童碘缺乏病防治知识知晓水的关键因素。我市儿童对于碘缺乏病防治知识健康教育的需求较高，应根据对不同获取途径和核心知识的不同需求，制定适宜的健康教育策略和措施。

Analysis on the current situation and needs of health education on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disease among children,Tianjin

Objective To understand the current situation and needs of health education on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disease among children in Tianjin, and to provide scientific theory basis for further improving the quality and efficiency of health education. Methods From January to December in 2020, no less than 40 children were randomly selected from 16 districts in Tianjin to conduct an online questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the awareness rate of iodine deficiency prevention knowledge. Children’s needs for different methods and contents of health education were analysed. Results The awareness rate of iodine deficiency disease prevention and control among children in Tianjin was 81.22%. The overall awareness rate of children in iodized salt group was significantly higher than that in non-iodized salt group (x2=55.319, P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that mother had a college degree or above and had received health education may be the main factor affecting the knowledge rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in children. The adjusted OR(95%CI) was 1.803(1.079-3.011) and 2.841(1.997-4.042), respectively. Children had different needs for different methods and core contents of health education, and the need rate was more than sixty percent. The most expected ways for children to acquire core knowledge were publicity video (74.02%), WeChat official account (73.46%) and TV (72.00%). The core knowledge most wanted among children were “correct use of iodized salt” (82.42%), “fundamental measures to prevent iodine deficiency” (82.31%), “food rich in iodine” (81.52%) and “appropriate level of human iodine nutrition” (81.52%). Conclusion Health education can effectively improve the awareness of iodine deficiency disease prevention and control in children, so as to promote children to perform iodine-supplemented-related deeds. The education level of mothers and health education are the key factors affecting children’s knowledge of iodine deficiency disease control and prevention. Children in our city have a high need for health education on knowledge of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disease, so appropriate health education strategies and measures should be formulated according to the needs for different methods and core contents of health education.