某客车制造企业个体噪声暴露水平的 职业危害风险评估

目的 监测某客车制造企业工人个体噪声水平，评估该企业工人由于噪声暴露所致的听力损失以及噪声性耳聋风险水平。方法 对某客车制造企业35名工人进行个体噪声监测，运用噪声职业病危害风险管理指南法对个体噪声8 h工作日等效声级（L EX,8h）≥80 dB(A)的岗位进行噪声风险评估。结果 噪声强度≥85 dB(A)的工人有21名，占60%（21/35）；预测暴露年数≤30年时，发生高频听阈损失和职业性噪声聋风险等级最高的是铸造车间打磨工和涂装车间重抛光工，为较高风险；暴露年数>30年时，发生高频听阈损失和职业性噪声聋风险等级最高的是涂装车间重抛光工，为高风险。结论 该企业噪声危害较为严重，应采取改进工艺措施降低噪声水平，加强个人防护，建立听力保护计划等方案保护工人听力健康。

Occupational hazards risk assessment of personal noise exposure in a bus manufacturing enterprise

Objective To evaluate the risk of hearing loss and noise exposure level in a bus manufacturing enterprise by monitoring the individual noise of workers.Methods Individual noise monitoring was conducted on 35 workers of a bus manufacturing enterprise. The Guidelines for Risk Management of Occupational Noise Hazard was used to assess the noise exposure risk of workers with 8-hour working day equivalent sound level (LEX,8h) ≥80 dB (A).Results There were 21 workers with noise intensity≥85 dB (A), accounting for 60% (21/35). When the exposure years were less than or equal to 30 years, the risk of high-frequency hearing loss of the grinder in the casting workshop and the polisher in the coating workshop were higher. When the exposure years were more than 30 years, the risk of high-frequency hearing loss of the heavy polisher in the coating workshop was the highest.Conclusion The noise hazard of this enterprise was relatively serious. In order to protect workers’ hearing health, the employing unit should establish hearing protection plan and strengthen personal protection.