以照顾家人为目的城乡来源流动老年人健康及锻炼行为比较分析

目的 分析比较以照顾家人为目的城乡来源的流动老年人的健康及锻炼行为。 方法 在“2015年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查数据”中获取研究对象3 175名。采用logistic回归分析城乡老年人自评健康及锻炼行为的影响因素。 结果 以照顾家人为目的的流动老年人自评健康和锻炼时长普遍较高，但城乡来源老年人存在差异。二项logistic回归发现，未患高血压/糖尿病、共同居住、本地朋友数量多是城乡老年人自评健康状况好的共性因素，而城市老年人中个人经济独立（OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.08~2.44）、农村老年人中家庭人均收入更高（OR=1.74, 95%CI : 1.38~2.18）与自评健康状况好相关。有序logistic回归表明，朋友数量多是城乡老年人锻炼时间长的共性因素，而城市老年人经济独立（OR=1.63, 95%CI : 1.08~2.45）和独立居住（OR=1.56, 95%CI : 1.08~2.22）、农村老年人患高血压/糖尿病（OR=1.35, 95%CI : 1.10~1.65）和健康自评好（OR=1.32, 95%CI : 1.11~1.56）与锻炼时间长相关。结论 城乡来源的流动老年人自评健康和锻炼行为及影响因素既有共性也存在差异，需要关注流动老年人群的异质性，同时需要加强社会支持和家庭支持以促进流动老年人健康。

Comparative analysis of health and exercise behaviors of migrant elderly from urban and rural areas for the purpose of taking care of their families

Objective To analyze and to compare the health and exercise behaviors of migrant elderly from urban and rural areas for the purpose of taking care of their families. Methods 3175 subjects were selected from the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associated factors of self-rated health and exercise behaviors of urban and rural elderly. Results The self-rated health and exercise duration of migrant elderly for the purpose of taking care of their families were generally good, but there were differences between urban and rural elderly. Binary logistic regression found that no hypertension / diabetes, living together with their families and more local friends were associated with good self-rated health status in both urban and rural elderly. While the self-rated health status was related to the economic independence（OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.08-2.44） among urban elderly, and the higher income per capita（OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.38-2.18） among rural elderly. Ordinal logistic regression found that more friends were associated with the long exercise duration in both urban and rural elderly. And the economic independence（OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.08-2.45）and living alone（OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.08-2.22）among urban elderly, while having hypertension / diabetes（OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.10-1.65）and good self-rated health（OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.11-1.56）among rural elderly were related to the long exercise duration. Conclusion The self-rated health and exercise behaviors and their associated factors among the migrant elderly from urban and rural areas have both similarities and differences. Attention should be paid to the heterogeneity of migrant elderly. Simultaneously social and family support should be strengthened to promote the health of migrant elderly.